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Description and explanation of the major themes of Dickinson’s Poetry. This accessible literary criticism is perfect for anyone faced with Dickinson’s Poetry. Introduction. No matter how well a plant is designed and operated, there is the potential for accidents to happen. Accidents can be as minor as small spills or. One of the most fundamental differences between the Protestant and Catholic ecclesial paradigms concerns the nature of the Church that Christ founded. DCDC P Slitter Cutter Creaser 0317AO SPCFCAS peed p to 1 paes per minute Input Paper ie.6.6 to 1 6. 1 mm 1 mm to.6 mm ¹ 6 mm ²) Min. Ricoh's Security Functions . Each of the protocols can either be enabled or disabled, so that only required protocols can be used and unauthorized access is minimized. IP address filtering. Accesses using TCP/IP can be controlled by designating the range of IP addresses from which accesses are allowed. For instance, designating an access control range of . Limiting the IP addresses will reduce the risk of threats like access from unauthorized PCs. Security for fax lines. ![]() Xerox® DocuColor® 252/260 Digital Color Printer/Copiers Xerox DocuColor® 252/260 Easy affordable color for any environment. There are many Fiery ® tools that help you increase your productivity and improve the efficiency and quality of your print jobs. To help you take advantage of these. ![]() A multifunction copier with a fax feature is connected to the outside via a telephone line. It is necessary to block unauthorized accesses via the telephone line. Ricoh software is designed to only process appropriate types of data and send that data to appropriate functions in the device. Therefore, only fax data is received from the fax line and it is communicated only to the processes needed for fax operation. This mechanism prevents unauthorized access from the fax line to the network or to the programs inside the device. IPsec communications. The administrator of the multifunction copier can use IPsec for encrypted communications. IPsec enables communications in units of secure packets at the IP protocol level. Even if no encryption is used in a high- order protocol or application, IPsec enhances security by preventing the content of communications from being tapped into or altered. Encryption over SSL/TLSThe administrator of the multifunction copier can set up SSL/TLS for encrypted communications. The SSL/TLS setup prevents data from being tapped into, analyzed, or altered during communications. For instance, a customer using e- mail services and cloud services over the Internet may want to encrypt communications using the scan- to- e- mail function. This method greatly reduces the risk of information leaks or alterations when an external SMTP server is used. The communication between a smartphone application . By. implementing the 2. AES and SHA- 2 encryption. U. S. National Institute. Standards and Technology (NIST) and adopting. HMAC. The information includes, for example, the total number of copies a device has printed and the errors it has encountered. SNMP is also used to operate the devices, such as monitoring the operating status of its services. These functions are based on information obtained from a management information base (MIB), which describes the configuration of the network devices. SNMPv. 3 incorporates user authentication and data encryption functions which protect user data and network device information. S/MIME for scan- to- e- mail. To minimize the risk of information leaks, e- mail messages can be sent using public key cryptography and a certificate of user verification that has been registered in the address book of a multifunction copier. Spoofing and message alteration can be prevented by attaching an electronic signature using a secret key based on a device certificate in the the multifunction copier. WPA provides greater security than WEP, a conventional encryption system. In addition to the SSID and security key used in WEP, WPA features a user authentication function and an encryption protocol called TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol) which automatically updates the encryption key at certain intervals. Security Functions for Management. User authentication. Individual users can be identified by the multifunction copier. Ricoh's user authentication functions are based either on user codes of up to eight digits or on combinations of login user names and passwords. Linked with the Windows. When data is sent from a client PC for printing, the multifunction copier suspends processing that data until the user walks over to the device, holds the authentication card over the reader, and enters printing instructions on the operator panel. These logs impose a disincentive to people intending to leak information, and allow tracking in the unlikely event of an unauthorized access. The following information is logged: Job logs. For instance, the administrator can set up the privileges to allow only selected users to access the address book registered in the multifunction copier. This blocks unauthorized access to important information, such as the personal information recorded in the address book. User lockout function. When wrong passwords are consecutively entered during the login process, the multifunction copier judges that the password is being cracked. This triggers the lockout function, which inhibits login using that user name. The locked- out user name cannot be authenticated even if it is combined with the correct password. The lockout will be released in a certain lapse of time or by an administrator or a supervisor. Thus, the attacker cannot continue cracking the password. Hard Disk Security Functions. Hard disk drive (HDD) encryption. Address books, authentication information, and accumulated documents stored in a multifunction copiers are encrypted as they are stored. This function prevents information from being leaked even if the hard disk drive is physically removed. Data to be encrypted. The following data stored in the non- volatile memory or hard disk drive of the multifunction copiers are encrypted. For example, temporary image data, data the user has chosen to save, or device configuration data may be stored. When the data is no longer needed this function actively erases it by overwriting it. Event- driven: The image data stored in the device during the copying and printing processes is overwritten and erased each time a job is executed. Overwrite all: All data, including the user information registered in the multifunction copier, is erased at one time when the multifunction copier is to be transferred to another department or to be decommissioned. Method of erasing: NSAData is overwritten twice with random numbers and once with zeros. Do. DData is overwritten by a random number, then by its complement, and then by another random number. Random Numbers. Data is overwritten multiple times with random numbers. The number of overwrites can be selected from 1 to 9. BSI/VSITR*Data is overwritten 7 times with the following patterns: 0x. FF, 0x. 00, 0x. FF, 0x. FF, 0x. AA. Secure Erase*Data is overwritten using an algorithm that is built in to the hard disk drive. Format*The hard disk is formatted. Data is not overwritten. Ricoh uses the TPM to store the root encryption key that protects the hard disk data encryption key and the digital certificate of the MFP, and to perform a trusted boot operation which validates MFP firmware authenticity before permitting the MFP to operate. This provides a high level assurance of the validity of the MFP’s firmware, device identity, and hard disk security. This is another good example of how Ricoh’s MFP products are designed with our customers’ security interests at the forefront. A protected PDF file can be opened only by a person who knows the password. A password can also set for changing the privileges, thus restricting the printing, modification, copying, and extraction of the content. Locked print. A document received from a PC can be stored in the hard disk drive in the multifunction copier. Using the locked print function, a password is specified when sending the document, and that password must be entered on the multifunction copier before it can be printed. Since the document will not be printed until the owner reaches the device, locked print makes sure that the document will remain under the control of its owner. Unauthorized copy control. To guard against attempts to make unauthorized copies, Ricoh offers functions to ensure security of hardcopy documents. The copy guard function prints/copies documents with special invisible patterns embedded across the background. If the printed/copied document is photocopied, the embedded patterns will be visible on the copies. With the optional unauthorized copy guard module installed, the copier will detect the embedded patterns and replace the photocopied image with a gray image to prevent information leaks.
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How to Use Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro to Merge PDF Files. So, you have multiple PDF files that need to be in one file (much easier to email that way). Adobe Acrobat Pro. Four Methods: Using 3rd-Party Programs Online Using Adobe Acrobat Preview (Macintosh Only) Downloading 3rd. Combining multiple documents into one PDF file You can quickly merge several documents into a single PDF file, with the documents appearing in the order you choose. How Do I Merge PDF Files? You can merge multiple PDF files into one document if, for instance, your scanner produced individual pages of a document while scanning, or you have multiple documents that would just work better as a single file. Take advantage of the Combine Files tool in Adobe Acrobat XI to merge existing PDF files. If you don't have a copy of Acrobat, you can merge PDF files online for free using PDFMerge and Merge PDF. Both free online resources work on smartphones and tablets, too. Peshkova/i. Stock/Getty Images. Merging Using Adobe Acrobat. Step. Click . Once you've added the files, drag and drop them in the order you want them to appear in the final, merged document. Step. Click . Repeat this step for each PDF file to include in the final merged document. Add files in the order you want them to appear. Step. Click the . The merged document is automatically downloaded to your computer when the merge process is complete. Using the Merge PDF Website. Step. Visit the Merge PDF website (link in Resources). Step. Drag and drop a PDF file from your computer onto the . Alternatively, click the . Repeat this step for each subsequent PDF file you want to merge into the final document. Step. Drag and drop the PDF file icons to place the documents in the order you want them to appear in the final merged PDF. ![]() Step. Click . When the process completes, click . If you want to save the merged PDF on Dropbox or Google Drive, click the respective icons located at the right end of the Download File Now button. Adobe Acrobat XI Quick start guide Merge multiple files into one PDF file with Adobe® Acrobat® XI Merge content from multiple sources—including text files. If you have scanned a document in the past and wanted to continue to add more files to that document, there is an easy way to do this. With Adobe Acrobat (Standard or. Word 2000-2003. When you install Adobe Acrobat, an add-in for Microsoft Office is installed by default. The add-in allows you to convert Office files to PDF without. Download Enterprise IT Tools for Adobe Acrobat, designed to facilitate deployment, configuration, and workflow management in enterprise settings. Download free Adobe Acrobat Reader DC software for your Windows, Mac OS and Android devices to view, print, and comment on PDF documents. ![]() Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Extended - Free download and software reviews. With Acrobat 9, Adobe's PDF creation and editing program brings new Web relevance to print- ready PDFs by enabling embedded video and animation. Forms, security, and overall ease of use are also enhanced. This update should be worthwhile for security- minded businesses and creative firms. The introduction of Adobe Acrobat 9 document- creation software could do for PDFs what the . More powerful than other PDF software, Adobe Acrobat Reader DC is the free, trusted standard for viewing, printing, and annotating PDFs. And now, it’s connected to. Gain early access to developing Adobe technologies including preview and beta software, pre-release plug-ins, related samples, documentation, tutorials and more. For the first time, PDFs can . In turn, users of Version 9 of the nearly ubiquitous and free Acrobat Reader will be able to watch movies, play interactive games, and run applications baked into PDFs without opening a third- party media player. On top of it all, Adobe offers an online community at Acrobat. Pro Extended also comes with Adobe Presenter, which plugs into Microsoft Power. Point 2. 00. 7 for adding interactivity to presentations. This review covers the costliest application, Acrobat 9 Pro Extended. However, unless otherwise noted, the features mentioned here can be found in Standard or Pro editions. Adobe requires 5. MB of RAM for Pro Extended and recommends video hardware acceleration. Setup and interface. Installing Acrobat 9 Pro Extended took about 2. Windows XP test computer. In our experience, uninstalling older versions of Acrobat took longer than adding the new application. The process was relatively smooth and unintrusive, although we did wind up with an Acrobat 9 icon on our desktop. During installation, Adobe offers the choice of opting into or rejecting its Product Improvement Program, which will send the company anonymous information about how you use the software. Although the company pledges anonymity, we were nevertheless glad that it presented the option not to participate upfront. Features. This release of Acrobat makes PDFs more dynamic and packs in more new features than prior releases did. Although PDFs have been interactive for some time, such as with Version 8's support for Web- based forms, Acrobat 9 takes the print- ready document format into the so- called Web 2. For the first time, PDFs will play movies via the free Acrobat Reader 9, set for a July release. And developers can tweak layouts with Flex Builder 3 or Flash CS3. It includes the Buzzword word processor with collaborative editing and commenting features as well as 5. GB of file storage. Conversion of five documents to Portable Document Format, sadly, doesn't include those neat capabilities for embedding movies. But Acrobat. com's solid Connect. Now Web- conferencing and desktop- sharing tool enables chatting via text, video, and voice. The site also can host data from forms created in Acrobat software. Business users could opt to access documents at Acrobat online or handle collaboration via Share. Point workspaces, network folders, or Web. DAV. Myriad layout and presentation options include a flip- through view similar to Apple's Cover Flow for the i. Phone. Adobe also tried to make it easier for companies using Pro and Pro Extended to make pages match visually with themes and custom logos, and it improved tools for comparing documents. We created PDF Portfolios without a snag in some experiments. Unfortunately, in a couple of cases Acrobat wouldn't let us add some Flash movies, and it didn't offer a solid explanation. We were able to use this in Internet Explorer, but the command described by Adobe seemed to be missing from Firefox 2 or 3. In addition, architects and other designers using CAD software can embed 3. D models within PDFs. These creative options are cool for professionals, but we wish you didn't need to pay $6. At least you can view the dynamic content, once Pro Extended users drop it into a PDF, within Acrobat Reader 9. Potentially delighting conference planners, a forms- tracking dashboard will show, for example, the status of responses to a mass party invitation e- mail and let a user send reminders to guests. Responses can be sorted, filtered, and exported to spreadsheets. Locking down PDFs can't get much more thorough, given the digital signatures and metadata removal also available. New comparison features, not in Acrobat Standard, highlight the edits between versions of a document. Redaction tools in the Pro editions, a key selling point of Acrobat 8, will offer searches for numeric patterns in addition to multiple words and phrases. A company could, for example, find every accidental mention of a Social Security number or top- secret product being developed and black out the potential leaks from a PDF with one blow. Service and support. Adobe's Web site support pages include Flash tutorials, user forums, FAQs, and a searchable knowledge base. These resources are well- organized and thorough. However, Adobe's four support plans, from Bronze to Platinum, are costly. Installation help by phone is available only via a toll telephone number, for instance. You'll need to sign in to get customized help online. However, we find this update of Acrobat to be the most important in recent years for business users as well as interactive designers. The metadata removal, 2. Those who specialize in making presentations with moving images and sounds will find plenty of options at their fingertips, especially given the integration with Adobe Creative Suite 3. Could Acrobat Reader 9's support for Flash turn PDFs into a one- size- fits- all multimedia delivery venue? In the near future at least, we suspect that interactive PDFs won't necessarily sweep the Web. That's because only users of the paid software can make those singing, dancing documents, and only the Pro flavors convert multiple video formats to Flash. Although Acrobat. PDF maker won't fold in video and animation. 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Since then, Windows CE has evolved into a component- based, embedded, real- time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand- held computers. Windows CE even powered select games for the Dreamcast, was the operating system of the Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Xbox game consoles. A distinctive feature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distributed in binary only form. History. According to Microsoft, . Microsoft had been testing Pegasus in early 1. The devices had to have the following minimum hardware specifications: SH3, MIPS 3. MIPS 4. 00. 0 CPUMinimum of 4 MB of ROMMinimum of 2 MB of RAM with a back up power source, such as a CR2. Powered by two AA batteries. Weigh less than 1lbs. A physical QWERTY keyboard including Ctrl, Alt and Shift keys. An LCD display of 4. Each window took over the full display. Navigation was done by tapping or double tapping on an item. Testimonials » Fixed my Microsoft driver "I got a new Microsoft WebCam but it can't works properly, and the manufacturer's website didn't help at all. Software Download with no malware or ads. We are a software download site without ads, fake download buttons or "crapware". Age of empires 1 free download - Age of Empires 1.0c patch, Age of Empires, Age of Empires 1.0b patch, and many more programs. Microsoft PS/2 Mouse Free Driver Download for Windows 98, 95 - MicrosofPS2Driver.zip. World's most popular driver download site. At A Glance: Genuine Microsoft Windows XP Professional, FreeDOS; Certified for RedHat Enterprise Linux 4 (certification typically within 60 days of launch). PlayStation 3 Secrets The purpose of this webpage is to provide information (a majority are secret or are hard to find) on the PS3. If you think you know all there is. DOS mouse drive for Microsoft & Logitech (only) rodents. Keyboard utilities. Contains: DIGCLK A digital clock (DOS. Follow these easy instructions and, if it's not totally busted. A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of. ![]() A contextual menu was also available by the user pressing the ALT key and tapping on the screen. Windows CE 1. 0 did not include a cascading Start menu unlike Windows 9. Windows NT 4. 0 did. Microsoft released the Windows CE 1. Power Toys that included a cascading menu icon that appeared in the system tray. Also bundled were several other utilities, most notable were a sound applet for the system tray, enabling the user to quickly mute or unmute their device or adjust the volume and a 'pocket' version of Paint. ![]() The release of Windows CE 2. Microsoft learned its lessons from consumer feedback of Windows CE 1. The Start menu was a cascading menu, identical to those found on Windows 9. Windows NT 4. 0. Color screens were also supported and manufacturers raced to release the first color H/PC. The first to market however, was Hewlett Packard with the HP 6. LX. Windows CE 2. CPU architectures. Programs could be also installed directly in the OS by double clicking on CAB files. Due to the nature of the ROMs that contained the operating system, users were not able to flash their devices with the newer operating system. Instead manufacturers released upgrade ROMs that users had to physically install in their devices, after removing the previous version. This would usually wipe the data on the device and present the user with the setup wizard upon first boot. Development tools. A mobile device is not necessary to develop a CE program. The . NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the . NET Framework with projects in C#, and Visual Basic . NET, but not Managed C++. In Visual Studio 2. Windows Phone Developer Tools are used as an extension, allowing Windows Phone 7 apps to be designed and tested within Visual Studio. Free Pascal and Lazarus. Later, the Windows CE header files were translated for use with Lazarus, a rapid application development (RAD) software package based on Free Pascal. Windows CE apps are designed and coded in the Lazarus integrated development environment (IDE) and compiled with an appropriate cross compiler. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (software development kit) for the target microprocessor (Super. H, x. 86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named below. The Embedded. Visual C++ (e. VC) – a tool for development of embedded apps for Windows CE. It can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder's Platform Manager connectivity setup. Code. Gear. Delphi Prism – runs in Visual Studio, also supports the . NET Compact Framework and thus can be used to develop mobile apps. It employs the Oxygene compiler created by Rem. Objects Software, which targets . NET, the . NET Compact Framework, and Mono. Its command- line compiler is available free of charge. Basic. 4ppc – a programming language similar to Visual Basic – targets the . NET Compact Framework and supports Windows CE and Windows Mobile devices. GLBasic – a very easy to learn and use BASIC dialect that compiles for many platforms, including Windows CE and Windows Mobile. It can be extended by writing inline C/C++ code. Lab. VIEW – a graphical programming language, supporting many platforms, including Windows CE. Auto. Hotkey – a port of the open source macro- creation and automation software utility available for Windows CE. It allows the construction of macros and simple GUI apps developed by systems analyst Jonathan Maxian Timkang. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components' features (e. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which to develop a custom platform. Apps such as Excel Mobile (formerly Pocket Excel) are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older apps are included as samples, however. Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE underpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), Smart. Phone (Windows Mobile Standard), and Pocket PC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform uses different components of Windows CE, plus supplemental features and apps suited for their respective devices. Pocket PC and Windows Mobile are Microsoft- defined custom platforms for general PDA use, consisting of a Microsoft- defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is supported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE- based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the touchscreen as the primary human interface device and its extremely portable size. CE v. 3. 0 is the basis for Pocket PC 2. A successor to CE v. CE. net. Pocket PC is based on Windows CE, but it's a different offering. Smart. Phone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, and multimedia abilities for consumers. The Smart. Phone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and Phone. Pad input. Devices running Smart. Phone do not include a touchscreen interface. Smart. Phone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger display. Releases. 2. 1. 1 version (Palm- Size PC 1. Windows CE H/PC 2. Pocket Office. Handeld. PC 2. 1. 1 version (Handheld. PC Professional) – added small versions of Microsoft Access, improved MS Office documents formats support. Released June 1. 5, 2. Archived from the original on 2. August 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 2. Linux Devices. November 1, 2. Archived from the original on 1. February 2. 00. 9. Microsoft News Center. Retrieved 1. 4 July 2. Archived from the original on 2. May 2. 01. 0. Archived from the original on July 1. Retrieved February 6, 2. Sound card - Wikipedia. A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces used for professional audio applications. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education and entertainment (games) and video projection. Sound functionality can also be integrated onto the motherboard, using components similar to those found on plug- in cards. The integrated sound system is often still referred to as a sound card. Sound processing hardware is also present on modern video cards with HDMI to output sound along with the video using that connector; previously they used a SPDIF connection to the motherboard or sound card. General characteristics. The output signal is connected to an amplifier, headphones, or external device using standard interconnects, such as a TRS phone connector or an RCA connector. If the number and size of connectors is too large for the space on the backplate the connectors will be off- board, typically using a breakout box, an auxiliary backplate, or a panel mounted at the front. More advanced cards usually include more than one sound chip to support higher data rates and multiple simultaneous functionality, for example digital production of synthesized sounds, usually for real- time generation of music and sound effects using minimal data and CPU time. Digital sound reproduction is usually done with multichannel DACs, which are capable of simultaneous and digital samples at different pitches and volumes, and application of real- time effects such as filtering or deliberate distortion. Multichannel digital sound playback can also be used for music synthesis, when used with a compliance. This approach has become common as manufacturers seek simpler and lower- cost sound cards. Most sound cards have a line in connector for an input signal from a cassette tape or other sound source that has higher voltage levels than a microphone. The sound card digitizes this signal. The DMAC transfers the samples to the main memory, from where a recording software may write it to the hard disk for storage, editing, or further processing. Another common external connector is the microphone connector, for signals from a microphone or other low- level input device. Input through a microphone jack can be used, for example, by speech recognition or voice over IP applications. Sound channels and polyphony. These distinct channels are seen as the number of audio outputs, which may correspond to a speaker configuration such as 2. Sometimes, the terms voice and channel are used interchangeably to indicate the degree of polyphony, not the output speaker configuration. For example, many older sound chips could accommodate three voices, but only one audio channel (i. Later cards, such as the Ad. Lib sound card, had a 9- voice polyphony combined in 1 mono output channel. For some years, most PC sound cards have had multiple FM synthesis voices (typically 9 or 1. MIDI music. The full capabilities of advanced cards are often not fully used; only one (mono) or two (stereo) voice(s) and channel(s) are usually dedicated to playback of digital sound samples, and playing back more than one digital sound sample usually requires a software downmix at a fixed sampling rate. Modern low- cost integrated soundcards (i. AC'9. 7 standard and even some lower- cost expansion sound cards still work this way. These devices may provide more than two sound output channels (typically 5. MIDI reproduction – these tasks are performed entirely in software. This is similar to the way inexpensive softmodems perform modem tasks in software rather than in hardware. Also, in the early days of 'wavetable' sample- based synthesis, some sound card manufacturers advertised polyphony solely on the MIDI capabilities alone. In this case, the card's output channel is irrelevant; typically, the card is only capable of two channels of digital sound. Instead, the polyphony measurement solely applies to the number of MIDI instruments the sound card is capable of producing at one given time. Today, a sound card providing actual hardware polyphony, regardless of the number of output channels, is typically referred to as a . The final playback stage is performed by an external (in reference to the DSP chip(s)) DAC with significantly fewer channels than voices (e. List of sound card standards. Note the manual volume adjustment knob. The resulting sound was generally described as . Several companies, most notably Access Software, developed techniques for digital sound reproduction over the PC speaker (see Real. Sound); the resulting audio, while barely functional, suffered from distorted output and low volume, and usually required all other processing to be stopped while sounds were played. Other home computer models of the 1. IBM PC at a disadvantage to them when it came to multimedia applications such as music composition or gaming. The initial design and marketing focuses of sound cards for the IBM PC platform were not based on gaming, but rather on specific audio applications such as music composition (Ad. Lib Personal Music System, IBM Music Feature Card, Creative Music System), or on speech synthesis (Digispeech DS2. Covox Speech Thing, Street Electronics Echo). In 1. 98. 8 a panel of computer- game CEOs stated at the Consumer Electronics Show that the PC's limited sound capability prevented it from becoming the leading home computer, that it needed a $4. Sierra On- Line, which had pioneered supporting EGA and VGA video, and 3 1/2. The Ad. Lib had two modes: A 9- voice mode where each voice could be fully programmed, and a less frequently used . Although the C/MS had twelve voices to Ad. Lib's nine, and was a stereo card while the Ad. Lib was mono, the basic technology behind it was based on the Philips SAA1. It sounded much like twelve simultaneous PC speakers would have except for each channel having amplitude control, and failed to sell well, even after Creative renamed it the Game Blaster a year later, and marketed it through Radio. Shack in the US. The Game Blaster retailed for under $1. Silpheed. A large change in the IBM PC compatible sound card market happened when Creative Labs introduced the Sound Blaster card. It was incorrectly called a . With more features at nearly the same price, and compatibility as well, most buyers chose the Sound Blaster. It eventually outsold the Ad. Lib and dominated the market. Roland also made sound cards in the late 1. Many games had music written for their cards, such as Silpheed and Police Quest II. The cards were often poor at sound effects such as laughs, but for music were by far the best sound cards available until the mid nineties. Some Roland cards, such as the SCC, and later versions of the MT- 3. Roland cards. By 1. The widespread decision to support the Sound Blaster design in multimedia and entertainment titles meant that future sound cards such as Media Vision's Pro Audio Spectrum and the Gravis Ultrasound had to be Sound Blaster compatible if they were to sell well. Until the early 2. AC'9. 7 audio standard became more widespread and eventually usurped the Sound. Blaster as a standard due to its low cost and integration into many motherboards), Sound Blaster compatibility is a standard that many other sound cards still support to maintain compatibility with many games and applications released. Industry adoption. Two of the companies Sierra partnered with were Roland and Ad. Lib, opting to produce in- game music for King's Quest 4 that supported the MT- 3. Ad. Lib Music Synthesizer. The MT- 3. 2 had superior output quality, due in part to its method of sound synthesis as well as built- in reverb. 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The competitor with the most points at the end of all ten events is declared the champion. On the original ABC version, an athlete could compete in up to seven events, but no athlete was permitted to compete in the sport(s) of his or her profession. In the World, International, European and British versions of the contest, athletes would compete in 8 out of 1. The idea was developed by 1. Olympic figure skating champion Dick Button. He shopped the idea to all three U. S. The first Superstars competition was held in Rotonda West, Florida in March 1. Bob Seagren. The BBC covered the competition and aired their own programme, featuring British athletes on 3. December 1. 97. 3, which was won by 4. Olympic champion David Hemery. Television broadcasts of the competitions were popular both in Europe and North America in the 1. Further events featuring European athletes started from 1. World Superstars championships taking place from 1. Competitors participate in a range of different sporting events, including a 1. The sports have varied over time and between the various national and international competitions; in the first competition there was no obstacle course, but table tennis and baseball hitting were included, while the European versions featured a 6. Steeplechase, indoor cycling on a highly banked velodrome, and the infamous 'Gym Tests'. Canadian soccer player Brian Budd was unbeaten in Superstars contests, winning the World Championship three times from 1. Superstar of all time. Contents. 1British, European and International Superstars. United States Superstars. World Superstars. Callaway Gardens, Georgia, US3. Freeport, Bahamas. Freeport, Bahamas. Freeport, Bahamas. Key Biscayne, Florida, US3. Key Biscayne, Florida, US3. List of World Superstars Champions. Music. 5References. External links. British, European and International Superstars. David Vine, who was the main presenter of the BBC programme from 1. Then Dick Button started it in the States and the BBC bought the rights. Featuring the first ever gym test (devised by Pickering, and comprising circuit running, a medicine ball throw, parallel bar dips and squat thrusts) the event came down to the final steeplechase, where Hemery overcame a 1. Barry John with 6. Shown on New Year's Eve, the programme was a major success and was repeated the following year. Five preliminary heats were held, followed by a final at the Ahoy indoor arena in Rotterdam, famous for its banked, wooden cycling track. This proved to make Superstars a major hit, achieving large audiences across the continent and paving the way for the International and World Superstars editions to follow. Kjell Isaksson dominated the event again, winning four of his eight events and finished second or third in three others, winning the title with an event to spare. The rules for European Superstars allowed athletes to compete in . In the final 6. 00m Steeplechase event Hemery made up a 1. By now Hemery was a . His performances duly improved, and even though 1. Olympic Judoka. David Starbrook took his parallel bar dips record in the gym tests, Hemery had become Britain's top competitor. Two of the highest profile heat winners, Bj. Keegan's victory produced a memorable moment when he crashed during the cycle racing in his heat. With deep cuts and abrasions to his arm, shoulder and back, the Liverpool footballer was expected to withdraw, but with a large crowd present to watch him he said . Keegan then easily won the steeplechase, but like many of the highest profile performers, his schedule was too full to allow him to compete as regularly as the Superstars format demanded. Partly because of this, less renowned athletes like Isaksson came to dominate and be recognised outside their specialisms. In the Ahoy final, Isaksson won five events and finished 2. The top eight finishers were also guaranteed a place at the inaugural World Superstars competition, to be held in the US the following year. Isaksson taking part only in the World contest and David Hemery competing in American Superstars. In the UK national Superstars, rower Tim Crooks beat future World's Strongest Man. Geoff Capes in a tight contest, but failed to qualify for the European final, losing by one point to Fran. Representing Great Britain instead at the Ahoy final was Rugby League player Keith Fielding, who finished a close second, matching Hemery's best ever performance by a British Superstar. The winner of 1. 97. European Superstars was the returning Ties Kruize, who was now fully recovered from his car crash. With just the indoor steeplechase left, Kruize was one point behind Jean- Paul Coche but five ahead of Fielding. With Coche having completed his events Fielding needed to win the final race, with Kruize finishing no better than third. With Fielding already finished (and celebrating) Kruize passed speed skater. Hans van Helden on the final straight to win by 2. An exhausted Fielding then told BBC TV that the loss was . Brian Jacks, who became Britain's most famous Superstar. Jacks had enormous upper body strength and quickly came to dominate the gym tests, setting records in squat thrusts and, in particular, the parallel bar dips. In the 1. 97. 9 UK national final Jacks comprehensively beat the field, and then went on to compete in Rotterdam for the European title. No Briton had ever won this title, but Jacks was a strong favourite against defending champion Ties Kruize. Jacks won the gym tests and set a new record time in the cycling. At start of the final event, the steeplechase, Jacks had a small lead, but was out of events. Kruize accumulated enough points in the steeplechase to join Jacks in a tie for first place. With no tie- breaking system in operation both men were crowned European Superstar, making Jacks the most successful British Superstar ever. Jacks succumbed to shingles in late 1. The Bahamas for the World Championship. Superstars regularly attracted over 1. TV viewers in the UK and Jacks became a household name, appearing on children's TV shows and picking up endorsements usually beyond the reach of a minority sport participant. Superstars also expanded again in 1. International Superstars to its list of programmes, though this was as a direct replacement for the European event. Although popular in the UK, US, Ireland, New Zealand, Sweden, the Netherlands and Australia, Superstars reached its peak at the turn of the decade, and one by one (starting in Europe) the participating nations fell away. Against Jacks in 1. Daley Thompson, globally recognised as the top multi- sports athlete after his victory in the 1. Olympic Games decathlon competition. With Brian Budd in attendance for the UK National final, Brian Jacks took on Thompson, Steve Assinder from Basketball, pentathlete. Danny Nightingale and the new . Thompson finished third. John Sherwood in finishing in second place gained a place in the World Championships and with it the possibility of big prize money. To ensure that he was able to finish second Sherwood had to turn professional part- way through the competition in order to compete in the 1. Although many amateur athletes (most notably Kjell Isaksson) had competed in Superstars since its inception, they had never been able to retain any prize money, with this instead going to their sport. In winning three World Superstar titles, Brian Budd won over $1. Bob Seagren (the first World Champion) won over $2. In International Superstars in Israel Jacks defeated both of the other European Superstars champions Ties Kruize and Kjell Isaksson, as well as 1. Tour de France winner Joop Zoetemelk to claim the new title. Major League Baseball - Wikipedia. Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 3. 0 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 1. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1. Commissioner of Baseball in 2. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Baseball's first professional team was founded in Cincinnati in 1. Abner Doubleday supposedly invented the game of baseball. The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another. The period before 1. Baseball survived a conspiracy to fix the 1. World Series, which came to be known as the Black Sox Scandal. The sport rose in popularity in the 1. Great Depression and World War II. Shortly after the war, baseball's color barrier was broken by Jackie Robinson. The 1. 95. 0s and 1. AL and NL, then new stadiums and artificial turf surfaces began to change the game in the 1. Home runs dominated the game during the 1. Major League players in the mid- 2. In 2. 00. 6, an investigation produced the Mitchell Report, which implicated many players in the use of performance- enhancing substances, including at least one player from each team. Today, MLB is composed of 3. United States and one in Canada. Teams play 1. 62 games each season and five teams in each league advance to a four- round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best- of- seven championship series between the two league champions that dates to 1. Baseball broadcasts are aired on television, radio, and the Internet throughout North America and in several other countries throughout the world. MLB has the highest season attendance of any sports league in the world with more than 7. This document has undergone several incarnations since its creation in 1. MLB maintains a unique, controlling relationship over the sport, including most aspects of Minor League Baseball. This is due in large part to the 1. U. S. Supreme Court ruling in Federal Baseball Club v. National League, which held that baseball is not interstate commerce and therefore not subject to federal antitrust law. This ruling has been weakened only slightly in subsequent years. The chief operating officer is Tony Petitti. There are five other executives: president (business and media), chief communications officer, chief legal officer, chief financial officer, and chief baseball officer. This branch oversees MLB. Its charter states that MLB Advanced Media holds editorial independence from the league, but it is under the same ownership group and revenue- sharing plan. MLB Productions is a similarly structured wing of the league, focusing on video and traditional broadcast media. MLB also owns 6. 7 percent of MLB Network, with the other 3. Direc. TV. Two teams (the Seattle Mariners and the Toronto Blue Jays) were also added in the 1. From 1. 96. 9 through 1. East and West Division. A third division, the Central Division, was added in each league in 1. Through 1. 99. 6, the two leagues met on the field only during the World Series and the All- Star Game. Regular- season interleague play was introduced in 1. This addition brought the total number of franchises to 3. In early 1. 99. 7, MLB decided to assign one new team to each league: Tampa Bay joined the AL and Arizona joined the NL. The original plan was to have an odd number of teams in each league (1. In order for every team to be able to play daily, this would have required interleague play to be scheduled throughout the entire season. However, it was unclear at the time if interleague play would continue after the 1. For this and other reasons, it was decided that both leagues should continue to have an even number of teams; one existing club would have to switch leagues. The Milwaukee Brewers agreed in November 1. AL to the NL, thereby making the NL a 1. Petersburg, FLTropicana Field. Louis Cardinals. St. Louis, MOBusch Stadium. Louis Cardinals)1. AA)1. 89. 2 (NL). See respective team articles for more information. History. The NABBP existed as an amateur league for 1. By 1. 86. 7, more than 4. Most of the strongest clubs remained those based in the northeastern U. S. For professional baseball's founding year, MLB uses the year 1. Cincinnati Red Stockings, was established. The NABBP split into an amateur organization and a professional organization. The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, often known as the National Association (NA), was formed in 1. The league placed its emphasis on clubs rather than on players. Clubs could now enforce player contracts, preventing players from jumping to higher- paying clubs. Clubs were required to play the full schedule of games instead of forfeiting scheduled games when the club was no longer in the running for the league championship, which happened frequently under the NA. A concerted effort was made to curb gambling on games, which was leaving the validity of results in doubt. The first game in the NL—on Saturday, April 2. Jefferson Street Grounds, Philadelphia)—is often pointed to as the beginning of MLB. Competitor leagues formed regularly and also disbanded regularly. The most successful was the American Association (1. For several years, the NL and American Association champions met in a postseason championship series—the first attempt at a World Series. The two leagues merged in 1. NL, but the NL dropped four teams after the 1. This led to the formation of the American League in 1. AL president Ban Johnson, and the resulting bidding war for players led to widespread contract- breaking and legal disputes. The war between the AL and NL caused shock waves throughout the baseball world. At a meeting at the Leland Hotel in Chicago in 1. A new National Association was formed to oversee these minor leagues. The agreement also set up a formal classification system for minor leagues, the forerunner of today's system that was refined by Branch Rickey. These include the AA, the Union Association (1. Some researchers, including Nate Silver, dispute the major- league status of the UA by pointing out that franchises came and went and that the St. Louis club was deliberately . Louis club was owned by the league's president and it was the only club that was close to major- league caliber. The term also accurately describes the condition of the baseball itself. The baseball used American rather than the modern Australian wool yarn and was not wound as tightly as it would become later, affecting the distance that it would travel. Fans were expected to throw back fouls and (rare) home runs. Baseballs also became stained with tobacco juice, grass, and mud, and sometimes the juice of licorice, which some players would chew for the purpose of discoloring the ball. Additionally, many ballparks had large dimensions, such as the West Side Grounds of the Chicago Cubs, which was 5. Huntington Avenue Grounds of the Boston Red Sox, which was 6. Prior to the institution of this rule, foul balls were not counted as strikes: a batter could foul off any number of pitches with no strikes counted against him; this gave an enormous advantage to the batter. In 1. 90. 1, the NL adopted the foul strike rule, and the AL followed suit in 1. Eight players—Joe Jackson, Eddie Cicotte, Claude . The 1. 92. 0 season was notable for the death of Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians. Chapman, who was struck in the head by a pitch and died a few hours later, became the only MLB player to die of an on- field injury, a tragedy which led directly to both leagues requiring the placing into play new, white baseballs whenever a ball became scuffed or dirty, helping bring the . The following year, the New York Yankees made their first World Series appearance. By 1. 93. 2, only two MLB teams turned a profit. ![]() Rhythm - Wikipedia. Rhythm (from Greek. This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds (as with the riff in a rock musicsong); to several minutes or hours, or, at the most extreme, even over many years. In the performance arts, rhythm is the timing of events on a human scale; of musical sounds and silences that occur over time, of the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry. In some performing arts, such as hip hop music, the rhythmic delivery of the lyrics is one of the most important elements of the style. Rhythm may also refer to visual presentation, as . In recent years, rhythm and meter have become an important area of research among music scholars. Recent work in these areas includes books by Maury. Yeston (1. 97. 6), Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff (Lerdahl and Jackendoff 1. Jonathan Kramer, Christopher Hasty (1. Godfried. Toussaint (2. Get up to the minute news and reviews for all music makers. The official web site of Bill Wyman - former bass player with the Rolling Stones - including video, music and Bill's blog. Www.lifesavercpr.net (209) 499 Rhythm Rascal Drum Software. New Release 3.3 is here! Download Rhythm Rascal Version 3.3 now! Click here to enter the Rhythm Rascal Discussion Forum. Rhythm Records came into being in December, 1975. Since that time, we have strived to produce and provide to square dance callers around. Benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com benbogart.com. Twin Delay VST, vst, VST, Rhythm Lab Rhythm India Bollywood Dance Company hosted a 2 day intensive dance workshop with Celebrity Dancer, Bollywood Choreographer and 2-time Jhalak Dikhlaja Winner, Shampa. In his television series How Music Works, Howard Goodall presents theories that human rhythm recalls the regularity with which we walk and the heartbeat (Goodall 2006. World’s first dedicated running music and jogging music website made to improve your performance and enjoyment. Download music to run with and music to jog with to. William Rothstein (1. Joel Lester (Lester 1. In Thinking and Destiny, Harold W. Percival defined rhythm as the character and meaning of thought expressed through the measure or movement in sound or form, or by written signs or words (Percival 1. Anthropology. Other research suggests that it does not relate to the heartbeat directly, but rather the speed of emotional affect, which also influences heartbeat. Yet other researchers suggest that since certain features of human music are widespread, it is . Justin London writes that musical metre . Plenty of animals walk rhythmically and hear the sounds of the heartbeat in the womb, but only humans have the ability to be engaged (entrained) in rhythmically coordinated vocalizations and other activities. According to Jordania, development of the sense of rhythm was central for the achievement of the specific neurological state of the battle trance, crucial for the development of the effective defense system of early hominids. Rhythmic war cry, rhythmic drumming by shamans, rhythmic drilling of the soldiers and contemporary professional combat forces listening to the heavy rhythmic rock music (Pieslak 2. Neurologist Oliver Sacks states that chimpanzees and other animals show no similar appreciation of rhythm yet posits that human affinity for rhythm is fundamental, so that a person's sense of rhythm cannot be lost (e. It is not clear whether they are doing so or are responding to subtle visual or tactile cues from the humans around them. For this reason, the fast- transient sounds of percussion instruments lend themselves to the definition of rhythm. Musical cultures that rely upon such instruments may develop multi- layered polyrhythm and simultaneous rhythms in more than one time signature, called polymeter. Such are the cross- rhythms of Sub- Saharan Africa and the interlocking kotekan rhythms of the gamelan. For information on rhythm in Indian music see Tala (music). For other Asian approaches to rhythm see Rhythm in Persian music, Rhythm in Arabian music and Usul—Rhythm in Turkish music and Dumbek rhythms. Terminology. This consists of a (repeating) series of identical yet distinct periodic short- duration stimuli perceived as points in time (Winold 1. It is currently most often designated as a crotchet or quarter note in western notation (see time signature). Faster levels are division levels, and slower levels are multiple levels (Winold 1. These may be classified as; metric—even patterns, such as steady eighth notes or pulses—intrametric—confirming patterns, such as dottedeighth- sixteenth note and swing patterns—contrametric—non- confirming, or syncopated patterns and extrametric—irregular patterns, such as tuplets. A rhythmic gesture is any durational pattern that, in contrast to the rhythmic unit, does not occupy a period of time equivalent to a pulse or pulses on an underlying metric level. It may be described according to its beginning and ending or by the rhythmic units it contains. Beginnings on a strong pulse are thetic, a weak pulse, anacrustic and those beginning after a rest or tied- over note are called initial rest. Endings on a strong pulse are strong, a weak pulse, weak and those that end on a strong or weak upbeat are upbeat (Winold 1. Alternation and repetition. As well as perceiving rhythm we must be able to anticipate it. This depends on repetition of a pattern that is short enough to memorize. The alternation of the strong and weak beat is fundamental to the ancient language of poetry, dance and music. The common poetic term . In a similar way musicians speak of an upbeat and a downbeat and of the . These contrasts naturally facilitate a dual hierarchy of rhythm and depend on repeating patterns of duration, accent and rest forming a . Normally such pulse- groups are defined by taking the most accented beat as the first and counting the pulses until the next accent (Mac. Pherson 1. 93. 0, 5; Scholes 1. A rhythm that accents another beat and de- emphasises the downbeat as established or assumed from the melody or from a preceding rhythm is called syncopated rhythm. Normally, even the most complex of meters may be broken down into a chain of duple and triple pulses (Mac. Pherson 1. 93. 0, 5; Scholes 1. According to Pierre Boulez, beat structures beyond four, in western music, are . This is often measured in 'beats per minute' (bpm): 6. Hz. A rhythmic unit is a durational pattern that has a period equivalent to a pulse or several pulses (Winold 1. The duration of any such unit is inversely related to its tempo. Musical sound may be analyzed on five different time scales, which Moravscik has arranged in order of increasing duration (Moravcsik 2. Supershort: a single cycle of an audible wave, approximately 1. These, though rhythmic in nature, are not perceived as separate events but as continuous musical pitch. Short: of the order of one second (1 Hz, 6. Musical tempo is generally specified in the range 4. A continuous pulse cannot be perceived as a musical beat if it is faster than 8–1. Hz, 4. 80–6. 00 bpm) or slower than 1 per 1. Hz, 4. 0–3. 0 bpm). Too fast a beat becomes a drone, too slow a succession of sounds seems unconnected (Fraisse 1. This time- frame roughly corresponds to the human heart rate and to the duration of a single step, syllable or rhythmic gesture. Medium: . This may be further organized, by repetition and variation, into a definite phrase that may characterise an entire genre of music, dance or poetry and that may be regarded as the fundamental formal unit of music (Mac. Pherson 1. 93. 0. Thus the temporal regularity of musical organisation includes the most elementary levels of musical form (Mac. Pherson 1. 93. 0, 3). Very long: . The first two, the infinite and the supra musical, encompass natural periodicities of months, years, decades, centuries, and greater, while the last three, the sample and subsample, which take account of digital and electronic rates . Roads' Macro level, encompassing . Roads' Sound object (Schaeffer 1. Schaeffer 1. 97. 7): ? Each cell of the grid corresponds to a fixed duration of time with a resolution fine enough to capture the timing of the pattern, which may be counted as two bars of four beats in divisive (metrical or symmetrical) rhythm, each beat divided into two cells. The first bar of the pattern may also usefully be counted additively (in measured or asymmetrical rhythm) as 3 + 3 + 2. The study of rhythm, stress, and pitch in speech is called prosody: it is a topic in linguistics and poetics, where it means the number of lines in a verse, the number of syllables in each line and the arrangement of those syllables as long or short, accented or unaccented. Music inherited the term . The terminology of western music is notoriously imprecise in this area (Scholes 1. Mac. Pherson 1. 93. The Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing defines the tango, for example, as to be danced in 2. The basic slow step forwards or backwards, lasting for one beat, is called a . |
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